Attention and Attending is the First Preacademic Skill

Attending is the first skill young children with disabilities need to learn. It may be especially challenging for young children with developmental delays or autism spectrum disorders. To learn, they have to sit still. To learn, they have to be able to attend to the teacher, listening and responding when asked. Attending is a learned behavior. Often parents teach it. They teach it when they expect their children to sit at the table during dinner. They teach it if they take their children to church and ask them to sit for all or part of a worship service. They teach it by reading out loud to their children. Research has shown that the most effective way to teach reading is called the lap method. Children sit in their parents laps and listen to them read, following their eyes and following the text as the pages are turned. Children with disabilities often have trouble attending. At age two or three they may not be able to sit for 10 or 15 minutes. They may be easily distracted, or, if they are on the autism spectrum, they may not understand what they should attend to. They lack joint attention, where typically developing infants follow their parents eyes to find out where they are looking. Before you can expect a toddler with disabilities to sit through a twenty minute circle time, you need to start with the basic skills. Sitting in One Place All children are socially motivated by one of three things: attention, desired objects or escape. Children are also motivated by preferred activities, sensory input, or food. These last three are primary reinforcers because they are intrinsically reinforcing. The others-attention, desired objects, or escape--are conditioned or secondary reinforcers since they are learned and connected with things that occur in typical academic settings. To teach small children to learn to sit, use individual instructional time to sit with the child with a preferred activity or reinforcer. It may be as simple as sitting for five minutes and having the child imitate what you do: Touch your nose. Good Job! Do this. Good job! Tangible rewards might be used on an irregular schedule: every 3 to 5 correct responses, give the child a skittle or a piece of fruit. After a while, the teachers praise will be enough to reinforce the behaviors you wanted. Building that reinforcement schedule, pairing your praise and preferred item, you will be able to start reinforcing the childs participation in a group. Sitting in Group Little Jose may sit for individual sessions but may wander during group: of course, an aide should return them to their seat. When Jose is successful at sitting during individual sessions, he needs to be rewarded for sitting for continuously longer periods. A token board is an effective way to reinforce good sitting: for every four tokens moved, Jose will earn a preferred activity or perhaps a preferred item. It might be most effective to actually take Jose to another part of the classroom after he has earned his tokens (for his 10 or 15 minutes of the group.) Teaching Groups to Attend There are several key ways to build whole group attention by the way in which group activities are conducted: Keep circle time short to start. Circle time should not be any longer than 15 minutes when you start but should grow to 30 after three or four months.Mix it up. Circle time should not just be quiet activities such as storybooks, but should include motion songs, dancing and motion games, and give different children opportunities to lead the group.Maximize participation: If you are putting the date on the calendar, have one child find the number, another child place the number and a third child count the number.Praise, praise, praise: Use praise not only to reward good behavior but also to teach it. I like how Jamie is sitting! I like that Brie has both of her feet on the floor. Naming the behavior is powerful: it shows everyone what the behavior looks like, at the same time.Be consistent: Its impossible to call on all children equally, though it might on occasion be helpful to have your supervisor or one of your classroom aides chart who you call on: you might be surprised at what you find. We observed a teacher and found she 1) called on the boys twice as often as the girls, but used questions to keep the boys on task. 2) Permitted the girls to interrupt: she would answer their questions when they blurted them out.   Be sure everyone gets a chance to participate. Name the behavior you notice, as well. John, I want you to come do the weather because you are sitting so nicely.

Immigration Reform The United States - 1312 Words

Immigration reform is one of the most controversial topic in the U.S. The Democrats and Republicans are having a tug of war over finding a solution to allowing illegal immigrants grant citizenship and allowing their families to stay in the this country. Just last month, President Obama had a televised executive decision talking about immigration reform. President Obama discussed how the executive decisions like providing legal status and work permits for more than 5 million immigrants, making the Republicans very reluctant to help support President Obama’s executive decision. In President Obama speech, he talks about how â€Å"today, our immigration system is broken, and everybody knows it. Families who enter our country the right way and play by the rules watch others flout the rules† (Washington Post). For President Obama, making this executive decision puts Congress in an unsettling place on either supporting this decision or backing out. So how would illegal immigra nts help out the U.S when granted amnesty? Immigration laws have certainly resulted in a situation where many illegal immigrants live and work in the United States, but it is also an issue that has been fabricated by the media and Politicians. Illegal immigrants are a benefit to the U.S because they would help the economy, raise unemployment rates, and help students have a better education. When granted citizenship, illegal immigrant students would have a better education in the U.S. The DREAM act is also knownShow MoreRelatedImmigration Reform Of The United States1641 Words   |  7 PagesTutor: Institution: Immigration Reform ​Immigration is defined as the act of leaving your country of origin and going to another different one to stay there permanently (Dictionary.com). Reasons, why people escape or leave their original countries, are varied; ranging from war, poverty, natural occurrences such as earthquakes while others just take the step for fun purposes. A reform is a change from the way things were done originally and make them better. Therefore, immigration reform is a term thatRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform w ould improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1245 Words   |  5 PagesHistorically, immigration as a percentage of the United States population has been far higher in previous years compared to where it is now. Even as far back as 1870, the foreign-born population of the US was 5,567,229 while the US population was 38,558,371, meaning that immigrants were making up approximately 14.4% of the US population. Calculating the immigration percentage in the same way, it was 13.3% in 1880, 14.7% in 1890, 13.6% in 1900, 14.6% in 1910, and 13.1% in 1920, the last year beforeRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pagescome to the United States of America for better opportunities, such as employment and reuniting with family. These people are immigrants. However, many people immigrate illegally, meaning they do not comply with proper protocol for becoming a U.S. citizen. Throughout the history of America, reformation of immigration policy has already been implicated in federal law. Presently, immigration reforms are being considered to make it easier for foreigners to start a new life in the United States of AmericaRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1516 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Pelosi said, It is more important to pass comprehensive immigration reform, to me and to my caucus, than to win the election in November† (Foley, 2014). That was what Joe Garcia was trying to accomplish with his policy H.R. 15. The policy did not improve the sponsor’s chances of being reelected because his ideas in the spectrum were more towards the liberal side than the conservative. As Florida being a red state, a Republican candidate won the election. It came down to what party the candidatesRead MoreImmigration Reform : The United States2057 Words   |  9 PagesImmigration Reform In the United States, citizens are very familiar and concerned about the topic of the Immigration Reform. Based on the research report from Senior Research Associate Pew Hispanic Center, Jeffrey S. Passel predicted around 11 million or more undocumented immigrants in the US in March 2005, which existed more than 6.5 million undocumented Mexicans, up to 57% of the total undocumented population and the Latin American countries are occupied by another 24%. (Passel, 2005) FurthermoreRead MoreThe United States Immigration Reform817 Words   |  4 Pages Astou Sow Immigration reform The United States Immigration Reform is specifically targeting the problem of 12 to 20 million undocumented workers in the United States. How would you trust and come out of the shadows if at any point the government changes their minds and deports you. As an immigrant there was times when I felt like I would be deported because of fear from how I got into this country. My dad would always blackmail me and my sisters to do what he wants or he would deport us and heRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1977 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration Reform Has Been a hot topic lately, President Barack Obama has recently used his power of executive order to give protection to some 5 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States. The program protects about 5 million immigrants from deportation, and allows them to stay and work here legally. There has been a lot of opposition; republicans believe that the president’s action is unconstitutional, and that the presiden t is usurping power from Congress. What the PresidentRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States2199 Words   |  9 Pages2011, it was calculated that over 40 million immigrants lived within the United States (figure 1-1). Among those forty million individuals, a reported 11.1 million are illegal (figure 1-2)1. It is clear that we need to create a plan of attack to address this large number of people living in this country illegally. There are essentially three avenues that we could travel down in order to complete this task. Either the United States could provide an easier path for citizenship for these people, or we couldRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1476 Words   |  6 PagesCade Street Mr. Marx CP Gov. March 6, 2017 Immigration Reform Unlawful immigration has been a broadly inspected subject in government issues in the US. Some deal with the fact that foreigners are fundamental as they take the occupations Americans don t wish to take, and that they accordingly ought to be offered consent to remain in the nation. Others in any case, are of the assessment that they ought to be extremely turned down seeing as what they are doing is unlawful, contending that the illegal

Is it suitable to use censorship in media Free Essays

Is it suitable to use censorship in media? Media is the mean to deliver the message to audiences. People are constantly exposed to many kinds of media each day including television, radio, and ever- growing popularity of the internet. Humans at every age and gender are unavoidably consuming information. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it suitable to use censorship in media or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, they would see a whitening lotion advertisement on the small screen in the sky train or unintentionally watch a fight scene in a soap opera on television at street side restaurant. However, some information may not be at all appropriate without a proper guidance. Therefore, censorship is suitable to be used in media. The first reason is that people might be misled by inappropriate information in media if censorship is not used as not every people have the same education background and experience. Children are a great example for this case. For instance, when they see the main character in the television series smokes, they would smoke too because their innocence’s make believe that what the main character does is fancy. Lastly, it is more realistic not to eliminate all unsuitable contents and use censorship as a teaching tool for audiences. In reality, It Is unavoidable not to see indecent behavior. Therefore, censorship could be useful to be a teaching material for every audience. The media, however, must mention about the consequences of these inappropriate actions. To conclude, censorship In media Is beneficial to society as a whole. It can be used to avoid misleading the Information and as a teaching technique for everyone. Medal Is a powerful source of Information that could Influence the thoughts of Its message receivers. Guiding people by pointing out what not to do and learning by a wrong example would be effective If It Is done with the support from every Institution including media and the audiences themselves. By shopworn censorship as a teaching tool for audiences. In reality, it is unavoidable not to see To conclude, censorship in media is beneficial to society as a whole. It can be used to avoid misleading the information and as a teaching technique for everyone. Media is a powerful source of information that could influence the thoughts of its message example would be effective if it is done with the support from every institution How to cite Is it suitable to use censorship in media, Papers